{"id":10221,"date":"2024-10-23T12:14:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T12:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/png.ifpri.info\/?page_id=6523"},"modified":"2025-01-27T19:14:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-27T19:14:43","slug":"books-and-book-chapters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/publications\/books-and-book-chapters\/","title":{"rendered":"Books and Book Chapters"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ifpriResourcesListBlock is-layout-flow wp-block-ifpri-resources-is-layout-flow\" class=\"wp-block-ifpri-outputs-ifpri-resources\">\n<div class=\"display regular ifpriResourcesListBlock\">\n<div class=\"totalAndSorting\">\n<div class=\"numberRecordsDisplay\">Displaying 22 records<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsSort\">\n<form class=\"resourcesResultsSort\" action=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/publications\/books-and-book-chapters\/\" method=\"POST\"><select class=\"resources_sortSelect\" name=\"order_recs\" value=\"sortdate\"><option class=\"res_sorting\" value=\"sortdate\">By date<\/option><option class=\"res_sorting\" value=\"sorttitle\">By title<\/option><option class=\"res_sorting\" value=\"sorttype\">By type<\/option><\/select><span class=\"resultsReverse\"><\/span> <\/form>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ifResCitPaging ifResCitPagingT\">\n<div class=\"ifres_list_citations_btn ifResBtn ifResBtn dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" data-allcitations=\"Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; and Laborde Debucquet, David. 2023. The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 24, Pp. 125-128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24.\n\nAbay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Salama, Yousra. 2023. Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 25, Pp. 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25.\n\nBreisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; and Wiebelt, Manfred. 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan Swinnen and John McDermott. Part Three: Labor restrictions and remittances, Chapter 12, Pp. 56-59. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12.\n\nKurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; and Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2018. Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt\u2019s Takaful and Karama program. In Boosting growth to end hunger by 2025: The role of social protection, eds. Fleur Stephanie Wouterse and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse. Chapter 10, Pp. 135-153. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/145842\n\nAlderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; and Yemtsov, Ruslan, eds. 2017. The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers? Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-1-4648-1087-9\n\nEcker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9787511648204.\n\nFofana, Isma\u00ebl; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami and Bouazouni, Omar. 2016. Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. In Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa: The Role of Socio-demographics, Entrepreneurship and Public Policies, eds. Nadereh Chamlou and Massoud Karshenas. Part Four: Gender and Public Policies, Chapter 17, pp. 479 - 506. Imperial College Press: London, U.K. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9781783267347_0017\n\nBreisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim and Abdelgadir, Mohamed. 2014. Food security policies for building resilience to conflict. In Resilience for food and nutrition security. Eds. Fan, Shenggen; Pandya-Lorch, Rajul and Yosef, Sivan. Chapter 5. Pp. 37-44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/149413\n\nMinot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2010. Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa. IFPRI Research Monograph. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744.\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali, ed. and Fan, Shenggen, ed. 2007. Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen. Major findings and lessons learned. Arab Planning Institute\n\nFan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed. Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis. Arab Planning Institute\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen. Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]. Arab Planning Institute\n\nMinot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2007. Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa. Washington, DC and Rome, Italy: International Food Policy Research Institute and International Fund for Agricultural Development. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/155454\n\nKherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter. 2003. Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt. In Lofgren, Hans, ed. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Research in Middle East Economics 5: 133-159.\n\nLofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F. 1998. Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020. In Raed Safadi, ed. Opening doors to the world: a new trade agenda for the Middle East. pp. 167-197 (Chapter 5).\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1997. Agriculture and rural development in Egypt. In Ismail Serageldin and David Steeds, (eds.) Rural well-being : from vision to action. Pp. 283-296. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Proceedings 15\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1997. Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt. In Riad Daheland Ismail Siageldin, eds. Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol. 11B: 419-440\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1996. The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture. In Karen Pfeifer, ed. Research in Middle East Economics. Volume 1. pp. 83-107.\n\nGoldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene. 1996. The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries. In El- Naggar, Said, ed. The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries. Pp. 96-132\n\nvon Braun, Joachim. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 12. Pp. 183-195. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161102\n\nScobie, Grant McDonald. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 13. Pp. 196-205. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161103\n\n\"> <span title=\"Click to copy all citations in the above list to your clipboard\">Copy all 22 citations<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"resourcesOutsideWrapper ifResListView\" >\n<div class=\"globalIfResStyle resourcesOutputsWrapper switchLayoutsSel list portrait visible\" data-pagingnumber=\"\">\n<div class=\"resourcesDisplaySection resourcesOutputsInnerWrapper list\" data-pagingnumber=\"\">\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Abay, Kibrom A.;Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin;Breisinger, Clemens;Glauber, Joseph W.;Laborde Debucquet, David;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Shock;Policies;War;Coronavirus;Covid-19;Agriculture;Markets;Trade;Coronavirinae;Russia;Food Security;Ukraine;Conflicts;Coronavirus Disease;Wheat;Prices;Resilience;Climate Change;Egypt;Book Chapter;2023;\" data-sorttitle=\"TheRussia-UkrainecrisisposesaseriousfoodsecuritythreatforEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"2023\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/140\/10568_140119_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\">The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2023<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/20bfd586-be05-4ee0-a98b-54d55c927668\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_140119\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_140119\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine has imperiled global food security \u2014 creating suffering within Ukraine and displacing millions while disrupting agricultural production and trade from one of the world\u2019s major exporting regions. The latter threatens to drive rising food prices still higher and create scarcity, especially for regions most dependent on exports from Russia and Ukraine \u2014 particularly the Middle East and North Africa. In this post, we consider the impacts of the war on the wheat market, focusing on Egypt. Wheat is a key food item for this country, representing between 35% and 39% of caloric intake per person in the past few years. Wheat imports usually account for about 62% of total wheat use in the country. We conclude by listing a number of key policy actions aimed at diversifying imports in the short term and helping Egypt\u2019s agrifood system transformation become fairer and more resilient. The latter is an absolute necessity in the context of looming threats from climate change and water scarcity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2023<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/140119\">Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; and Laborde Debucquet, David. 2023. The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 24, Pp. 125-128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140119\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Shock; Policies; War; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Agriculture; Markets; Trade; Coronavirinae; Russia; Food Security; Ukraine; Conflicts; Coronavirus Disease; Wheat; Prices; Resilience; Climate Change<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\">CC-BY-4.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140119\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/140119\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140119\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140119\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/20bfd586-be05-4ee0-a98b-54d55c927668\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Abay, Kibrom A.;Karachiwalla, Naureen;Kurdi, Sikandra;Salama, Yousra;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Low Income Groups;Shock;Policies;War;Coronavirus;Covid-19;Households;Agriculture;Markets;Trade;Coronavirinae;Russia;Food Security;Ukraine;Conflicts;Coronavirus Disease;Diet;Prices;Climate Change;Egypt;Book Chapter;2023;\" data-sorttitle=\"FoodpriceshocksanddietsamongpoorhouseholdsinEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"2023\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/140\/10568_140078_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\">Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2023<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/5fc47e06-505a-4685-9db3-a56fa5454c49\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_140078\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_140078\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Because of its dependence on food imports, Egypt is particularly vulnerable to the high world food prices and trade shocks triggered by Russia\u2019s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Imports account for more than 40% of Egypt\u2019s calorie consumption, and the country is the world\u2019s largest importer of wheat, with about 85% coming from Russia and Ukraine before the war began. Since then, supply disruptions, high global market prices, and other factors have led to sharp rises in domestic food inflation, which reached 31% in November. This in turn is a major driver of rising overall annual inflation, which soared from 6% to 19% between January and November 2022 \u2014 the highest rate in five years. In this post, based on a recent survey, we assess how Egypt\u2019s poor households are responding to these economic stresses, and how the Egyptian government\u2019s social protection efforts have affected consumption since the conflict began. In general, the survey indicates that many poor households cut back on consumption of some unsubsidized nutritious foods while consumption of subsidized foods remained unaffected, suggesting the national food subsidy program plays an important role.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2023<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/140078\">Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Salama, Yousra. 2023. Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 25, Pp. 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140078\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Low Income Groups; Shock; Policies; War; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Households; Agriculture; Markets; Trade; Coronavirinae; Russia; Food Security; Ukraine; Conflicts; Coronavirus Disease; Diet; Prices; Climate Change<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\">CC-BY-4.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140078\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/140078\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140078\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/140078\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/5fc47e06-505a-4685-9db3-a56fa5454c49\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Breisinger, Clemens;Latif, Abla Abdel;Raouf, Mariam;Wiebelt, Manfred;Northern Africa;Africa;Middle East;Models;Economic Situation;Economic Impact;Covid-19;Tourism;Remittances;Economic Crises;Household Income;Food Security;Egypt;Book Chapter;2020;Kef8KeqX;\" data-sorttitle=\"EconomicimpactofCOVID-19ontourismandremittances:InsightsfromEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"2020\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/143\/10568_143157_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\">Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2020<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/07e992d2-0f03-40bd-88d8-728890a2dd14\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_143157\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_143157\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Using the SAM multiplier model for Egypt, we simulate the individual and combined effects of a collapse in the tourism sector and reductions in Suez Canal revenues and in foreign remittances under more and less pessimistic scenarios. SAM multiplier models are well-suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand- or supply-side economic shocks such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We model the demand shocks as the anticipated reductions in tourism, Suez Canal, and remittances revenues.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2020<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/143157\">Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; and Wiebelt, Manfred. 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan Swinnen and John McDermott. Part Three: Labor restrictions and remittances, Chapter 12, Pp. 56-59. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/143157\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Models; Economic Situation; Economic Impact; Covid-19; Tourism; Remittances; Economic Crises; Household Income; Food Security<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\">CC-BY-4.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/143157\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/143157\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/143157\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Policies, Institutions, and Markets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/143157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/07e992d2-0f03-40bd-88d8-728890a2dd14\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Kurdi, Sikandra;Breisinger, Clemens;ElDidi, Hagar;El-Enbaby, Hoda;Gilligan, Daniel O.;Karachiwalla, Naureen;Africa;Northern Africa;Middle East;Project Management;Economic Growth;Programmes;Social Protection;Social Policies;Hunger;Social Welfare;Rural Development;Food Security;Cash Transfers;Poverty;Resilience;Project Evaluation;Egypt;Book Chapter;2018;\" data-sorttitle=\"Targetingsocialsafetynetsusingproxymeanstests:EvidencefromEgypt\u2019sTakafulandKaramapro\" data-sortdate=\"2018\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/145\/10568_145842_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\">Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt\u2019s Takaful and Karama program<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2018<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Karachiwalla, Naureen<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/9e436316-0788-4bd6-b671-3e54f3f3096f\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_145842\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_145842\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt\u2019s Takaful and Karama program<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Chapter 10 uses Egypt as a case study to examine the effectiveness of proxy means test (PMT) targeting. Targeting effectiveness is defined in terms of the ability of the program to enroll beneficiaries from the lowest two quintiles of the expenditure distribution. The authors also consider the social costs of implementing PMT in a context where administrative capacity to explain the targeting mechanism to the public is imperfect.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2018<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Karachiwalla, Naureen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/145842\">Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; and Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2018. Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt\u2019s Takaful and Karama program. In Boosting growth to end hunger by 2025: The role of social protection, eds. Fleur Stephanie Wouterse and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse. Chapter 10, Pp. 135-153. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/145842<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/145842\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Africa; Northern Africa; Middle East; Project Management; Economic Growth; Programmes; Social Protection; Social Policies; Hunger; Social Welfare; Rural Development; Food Security; Cash Transfers; Poverty; Resilience; Project Evaluation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/ND-4.0\">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896295988_10\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/145842\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896295988_10<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/145842\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/145842\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/145842\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/9e436316-0788-4bd6-b671-3e54f3f3096f\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896295988_10\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Alderman, Harold;Gentilini, Ugo;Yemtsov, Ruslan;Asia;Southern Asia;Africa;Northern Africa;Latin America;Northern America;Americas;Food Aid;Public Distribution System;Food Security;Nutrition;Cash Transfers;Egypt;India;Indonesia;Mexico;Sri Lanka;United States;Book;2017;Kef8KeqX;\" data-sorttitle=\"The1.5billionpeoplequestion:Food,vouchers,orcashtransfers?\" data-sortdate=\"2017\" data-sorttype=\"Book\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_144984\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_144984\">The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers?<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2017<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; Yemtsov, Ruslan<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_144984\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_144984\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_144984\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers?<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">This book addresses the thorny and fascinating question of how food and voucher programs, despite theory and evidence generally favoring cash, remain relevant, have evolved, and, in most circumstances, have improved over time. In doing so, we take an evolutionary and pragmatic view; we are interested in understanding why food-based programs exist and how countries can benefit from transformations such as that of Chhattisgarh, not in determining whether those programs should exist.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2017<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; Yemtsov, Ruslan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/144984\">Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; and Yemtsov, Ruslan, eds. 2017. The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers? Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-1-4648-1087-9<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/144984\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; India; Indonesia; Mexico; Sri Lanka; United States<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Asia; Southern Asia; Africa; Northern Africa; Latin America; Northern America; Americas; Food Aid; Public Distribution System; Food Security; Nutrition; Cash Transfers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0-IGO\">CC-BY-3.0-IGO<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-1-4648-1087-9\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/144984\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-1-4648-1087-9<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/144984\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/144984\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Policies, Institutions, and Markets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Ecker, Olivier;Al-Riffai, Perrihan;Breisinger, Clemens;El-Batrawy, Rawia;Africa;Northern Africa;Middle East;Nutrition;Nutrition Policies;Economic Development;Malnutrition;Diabetes;Obesity;Food Policies;Subsidies;Poverty;Agricultural Policies;Agricultural Development;Resilience;Capacity Development;Egypt;Book;2016;Kef8KeqX;\" data-sorttitle=\"Nutritionandeconomicdevelopment:ExploringEgypt'sexceptionalismandtheroleoffoodsubsidies\" data-sortdate=\"2016\" data-sorttype=\"Book\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/139\/10568_139942_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\">Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2016<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; El-Batrawy, Rawia<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/80c822dc-e950-4d74-b8c9-fe688617d08e\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_139942\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_139942\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">This book\u2019s main hypothesis is that Egypt\u2019s large food subsidy system has been ineffective in reducing undernutrition; in fact, it may have contributed to sustaining and even aggravating both nutrition challenges. For a long time, the subsidy system provided only calorie-rich foods, at very low and constant prices and with quotas much above dietary recommendations. This system has created incentives to consume calorie-overladen and unbalanced diets, increasing the risks of child and maternal overnutrition and, at high subsidy levels, the risk of inadequate child nutrition. Moreover, the large public budget allocated to the food subsidies is unavailable for possibly more nutrition-beneficial spending, such as for child and maternal nutrition-specific interventions. The authors\u2019 findings consistently suggest that\u2014in addition to the well-known economic rationale for reforming the Egyptian food subsidy system\u2014there are strong reasons to reform food subsidies due to nutrition and public health concerns. A fundamental food subsidy reform process has been under way since June 2014. The already-implemented changes can be expected to have reduced some incentives for overconsumption and may have positive dietary effects. However, further major reform efforts are needed to transform the current subsidy system into a key policy instrument in the fight against malnutrition. The findings of this book should be valuable to policy makers, analysts, development partners, and others concerned with improving food security and promoting healthy nutrition in Egypt and other developing countries with large social protection programs.<\/p>\n<p>This book was translated in 2020 into Chinese.<br \/>\nEcker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2020. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies [in Chinese]. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). ISBN: 9787511648204<\/p>\n<p>This record also includes the following synopsis, published in English and translated into Arabic:<\/p>\n<p>Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies: Synopsis [in Arabic]. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896292406<\/p>\n<p>Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies: Synopsis. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896292406<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; El-Batrawy, Rawia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/139942\">Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9787511648204.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/139942\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Africa; Northern Africa; Middle East; Nutrition; Nutrition Policies; Economic Development; Malnutrition; Diabetes; Obesity; Food Policies; Subsidies; Poverty; Agricultural Policies; Agricultural Development; Resilience; Capacity Development<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<span class=\"licAbbr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\">CC-BY-4.0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896292383\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/139942\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896292383<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/139942\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/139942\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Policies, Institutions, and Markets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/139942\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/80c822dc-e950-4d74-b8c9-fe688617d08e\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896292383\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Fofana, Isma\u00ebl;Chatti, Rim;Corong, Erwin;Bibi, Sami;Bouazouni, Omar;Northern Africa;Africa;Middle East;Gender;Taxes;Employment;Computable General Equilibrium Models;Egypt;Morocco;Algeria;Tunisia;Book Chapter;2016;\" data-sorttitle=\"GenderandemploymentimpactsoftaxationpolicyinMiddleEastandNorthAfrica:Comparativeanalys\" data-sortdate=\"2016\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_147687\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_147687\">Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2016<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Fofana, Isma\u00ebl; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami; Bouazouni, Omar<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_147687\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_147687\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_147687\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2016<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fofana, Isma\u00ebl; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami; Bouazouni, Omar<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/147687\">Fofana, Isma\u00ebl; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami and Bouazouni, Omar. 2016. Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. In Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa: The Role of Socio-demographics, Entrepreneurship and Public Policies, eds. Nadereh Chamlou and Massoud Karshenas. Part Four: Gender and Public Policies, Chapter 17, pp. 479 - 506. Imperial College Press: London, U.K. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9781783267347_0017<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/147687\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Gender; Taxes; Employment; Computable General Equilibrium Models<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9781783267347_0017\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/147687\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9781783267347_0017<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/147687\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/147687\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Breisinger, Clemens;Ecker, Olivier;Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois;Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois;Al-Riffai, Perrihan;Bouzar, Khalida;Sma, Abdelkarim;Abdelgadir, Mohamed;Northern Africa;Eastern Africa;Africa;Middle East;Southwestern Asia;Asia;Western Asia;Economic Shock;Nutrition Security;Natural Resources;Environmental Factors;Shock;Economic Development;Malnutrition;Drought;Food Security;Conflicts;Food Prices;Poverty;Prices;Resilience;Governance;Climate Change;Egypt;Sudan;Somalia;Yemen;Book Chapter;2014;Kef8KeqX;\" data-sorttitle=\"Foodsecuritypoliciesforbuildingresiliencetoconflict\" data-sortdate=\"2014\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/149\/10568_149413_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\">Food security policies for building resilience to conflict<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2014<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim; Abdelgadir, Mohamed<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/9afb747a-6e7d-4be6-a06a-cc593d69e459\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_149413\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_149413\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Food security policies for building resilience to conflict<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2014<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim; Abdelgadir, Mohamed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/149413\">Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim and Abdelgadir, Mohamed. 2014. Food security policies for building resilience to conflict. In Resilience for food and nutrition security. Eds. Fan, Shenggen; Pandya-Lorch, Rajul and Yosef, Sivan. Chapter 5. Pp. 37-44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/149413<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/149413\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; Sudan; Somalia; Yemen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Eastern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Southwestern Asia; Asia; Western Asia; Economic Shock; Nutrition Security; Natural Resources; Environmental Factors; Shock; Economic Development; Malnutrition; Drought; Food Security; Conflicts; Food Prices; Poverty; Prices; Resilience; Governance; Climate Change<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/149413\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/149413\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Policies, Institutions, and Markets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/149413\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/9afb747a-6e7d-4be6-a06a-cc593d69e459\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Minot, Nicholas;Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset;Thomas, Marcelle;Dewina, Reno;Orden, David;Syria;Northern Africa;Africa;Middle East;Trade Liberalization;Poverty;Agriculture;Computable General Equilibrium Models;Egypt;Tunisia;Morocco;Book;2010;\" data-sorttitle=\"TradeliberalizationandpovertyintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica\" data-sortdate=\"2010\" data-sorttype=\"Book\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/151\/10568_151998_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\">Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2010<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/7bb19ef9-fdc6-41b5-8970-4b2988a42f38\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_151998\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_151998\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">This report examines the impact of trade liberalization on non-oil-exporting countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), with particular emphasis on its impact on the poor. First the report describes the basic characteristics related to agriculture, trade, and poverty for eight MENA countries and reviews previous studies examining the impact of trade liberalization on these countries. The eight are the developing countries in the MENA region that are not major oil exporters: Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and the West Bank and Gaza.1 Second, the report uses household survey data and computable general equilibrium models to simulate the effect of trade liberalization on low-income households in four of these countries: Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Morocco.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2010<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/151998\">Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2010. Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa. IFPRI Research Monograph. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/151998\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; Tunisia; Morocco<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Syria; Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Trade Liberalization; Poverty; Agriculture; Computable General Equilibrium Models<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/151998\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744<\/a> <span class=\"repRecord\"><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/151998\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/151998\">Source record<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/151998\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/7bb19ef9-fdc6-41b5-8970-4b2988a42f38\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"altmetric-embed\" data-badge-type=\"donut\" data-hide-less-than=\"1\" data-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali;Fan, Shenggen;Northern Africa;Western Asia;Arab Countries;Public Investment;Poverty;Economic Growth;Public Policies;Poverty Reduction;Egypt;Morocco;Sudan;Tunisia;Yemen;Book;2007;\" data-sorttitle=\"PublicpolicyandpovertyreductionintheArabRegion\" data-sortdate=\"2007\" data-sorttype=\"Book\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/155\/10568_155453_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\">Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2007<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/a5cbcbd3-1b82-4d99-897b-69062f53552c\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_155453\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_155453\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">The percentage of the world\u2019s poor living below $1 per day fell by nearly a half in the last two decades of the 20th century. However, reduction in global poverty has been uneven across and within regions of the developing world. While the dramatic progress made in East Asia -- especially China -- is well-known, poverty indicators elsewhere have proven more fixed. This asymmetrical development story also holds true for the Arab countries.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/155453\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali, ed. and Fan, Shenggen, ed. 2007. Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155453\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; Morocco; Sudan; Tunisia; Yemen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Western Asia; Arab Countries; Public Investment; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/155453\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155453\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155453\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/a5cbcbd3-1b82-4d99-897b-69062f53552c\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali;Horowitz, Leah;Fan, Shenggen;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Poverty;Economic Growth;Public Policies;Poverty Reduction;Middle East;Social Indicators;Income Distribution;Millennium Development Goals;Analytical Techniques;Egypt;Book Chapter;2007;\" data-sorttitle=\"Majorfindingsandlessonslearned\" data-sortdate=\"2007\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/160\/10568_160286_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\">Major findings and lessons learned<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2007<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/d9217e3f-4187-4fa2-a52c-08e2946081a7\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_160286\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160286\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Major findings and lessons learned<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/160286\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen. Major findings and lessons learned. Arab Planning Institute<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160286\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/160286\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160286\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160286\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/d9217e3f-4187-4fa2-a52c-08e2946081a7\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Fan, Shenggen;Al-Riffai, Perrihan;El-Said, Moataz;Yu, Bingxin;Kamaly, Ahmed;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Poverty;Economic Growth;Public Policies;Poverty Reduction;Middle East;Social Indicators;Income Distribution;Millennium Development Goals;Analytical Techniques;Egypt;Book Chapter;2007;\" data-sorttitle=\"Publicspending,growth,andpovertyreductioninEgypt:Amulti-levelanalysis\" data-sortdate=\"2007\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/160\/10568_160285_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\">Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2007<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/0c548d00-fcc0-44bd-af0f-a44244fc5ce6\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_160285\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160285\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/160285\">Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed. Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis. Arab Planning Institute<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160285\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/160285\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160285\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160285\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/0c548d00-fcc0-44bd-af0f-a44244fc5ce6\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali;Fan, Shenggen;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Poverty;Economic Growth;Public Policies;Poverty Reduction;Middle East;Social Indicators;Income Distribution;Millennium Development Goals;Analytical Techniques;Egypt;Book Chapter;2007;\" data-sorttitle=\"Introduction[PublicpolicyandpovertyreductionintheArabregion]\" data-sortdate=\"2007\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/160\/10568_160284_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\">Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2007<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/26a4259f-7692-4f42-9bcc-df6d96dc7e34\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_160284\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_160284\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/160284\">Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen. Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]. Arab Planning Institute<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160284\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/160284\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160284\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/160284\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/26a4259f-7692-4f42-9bcc-df6d96dc7e34\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Minot, Nicholas;Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset;Thomas, Marcelle;Dewina, Reno;Orden, David;T\u00fcrkiye;Syria;Eastern Africa;Northern Africa;Africa;Agriculture;Tariffs;Prices;Subsidies;Price Support;Trade Liberalization;Egypt;Algeria;Morocco;Tunisia;Jordan;Book;2007;\" data-sorttitle=\"ImpactoftradeliberalizationonagricultureinthenearEastandNorthAfrica\" data-sortdate=\"2007\" data-sorttype=\"Book\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/155\/10568_155454_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\">Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2007<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/0af485ba-1a06-4903-a244-804acd67832a\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_155454\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_155454\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">In the past two decades, many countries in the Near East and North Africa region have reformed the agricultural sector by lowering agricultural tariffs, liberalizing domestic prices and reducing consumer food subsidies. However, trade restrictions and domestic price support mechanisms are still prevalent for a few strategic commodities (such as wheat), and there is wide divergence among the countries in terms of the extent and depth of liberalization. Under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership launched in 1995, ongoing and future bilateral free trade agreements between the European Union and several Arab Mediterranean countries could lead to further trade liberalization. In addition, some countries have recently signed free trade agreements with the United States of America, and more countries in the Near East and North Africa region are expected to sign bilateral trade agreements with the United States in the near future.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2007<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/155454\">Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2007. Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa. Washington, DC and Rome, Italy: International Food Policy Research Institute and International Fund for Agricultural Development. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/155454<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155454\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Jordan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye; Syria; Eastern Africa; Northern Africa; Africa; Agriculture; Tariffs; Prices; Subsidies; Price Support; Trade Liberalization<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/155454\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155454\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/155454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/0af485ba-1a06-4903-a244-804acd67832a\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Kherallah, Mylene;Minot, Nicholas;Gruhn, Peter;Northern Africa;Middle East;Africa;Wheat;Drought;Egypt;Book Chapter;2003;\" data-sorttitle=\"AdjustmentofwheatproductiontomarketreforminEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"2003\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_157767\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_157767\">Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">2003<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_157767\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_157767\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_157767\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2003<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/157767\">Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter. 2003. Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt. In Lofgren, Hans, ed. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Research in Middle East Economics 5: 133-159.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/157767\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Wheat; Drought<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/157767\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/157767\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Lofgren, Hans;Robinson, Sherman;Nygaard, David F.;Northern Africa;Middle East;Africa;Equilibrium;Agriculture;Economic Aspects;Water Supply;Computable General Equilibrium Models;Trade;Trade Liberalization;International Trade;Egypt;Book Chapter;1998;\" data-sorttitle=\"Tigerorturtle?exploringalternativefuturesforEgyptto2020\" data-sortdate=\"1998\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_171603\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_171603\">Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1998<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F.<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171603\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_171603\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171603\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to explore alternative scenarios for 1990-2020 in areas critical for Egypt's economy -- productivity growth, investment, foreign trade, and water. The model is formulated as a mixed-complementarity problem, has a detailed treatment of agriculture, assumes competitive markets and determines efficient water allocation. A \"Turtle\" scenario extrapolates Egypt's recent poor productivity and low investment, while a \"Tiger\" scenario assumes East Asian performance. For the Turtle scenario, incomes are stagnant and a crisis emerges in the labor market. With rapid growth in export demand, investment and productivity, the \"Tiger\" scenario generates almost tripled per-capita incomes and full employment. Sensitivity analysis for the Tiger scenario suggests that growth in export demand is important, while tariff removal with no other policy changes has little effect. Increasing water scarcity hurts agriculture and labor absorption, but has little effect on overall growth.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1998<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/171603\">Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F. 1998. Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020. In Raed Safadi, ed. Opening doors to the world: a new trade agenda for the Middle East. pp. 167-197 (Chapter 5).<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171603\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Equilibrium; Agriculture; Economic Aspects; Water Supply; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Trade; Trade Liberalization; International Trade<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/171603\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171603\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Lofgren, Hans;Northern Africa;Middle East;Africa;Rural Conditions;Agriculture;Rural Development;Egypt;Book Chapter;1997;\" data-sorttitle=\"AgricultureandruraldevelopmentinEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"1997\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_171604\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_171604\">Agriculture and rural development in Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1997<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Lofgren, Hans<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171604\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_171604\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171604\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Agriculture and rural development in Egypt<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1997<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lofgren, Hans<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/171604\">Lofgren, Hans. 1997. Agriculture and rural development in Egypt. In Ismail Serageldin and David Steeds, (eds.) Rural well-being : from vision to action. Pp. 283-296. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Proceedings 15<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171604\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Rural Conditions; Agriculture; Rural Development<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/171604\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171604\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Lofgren, Hans;Northern Africa;Middle East;Africa;Economic Policies;Equilibrium;Subsidies;Mathematical Models;Computable General Equilibrium Models;Egypt;Book Chapter;1997;\" data-sorttitle=\"Macroandmicroeffectsofsubsidycuts:ashort-runCGEanalysisforEgypt\" data-sortdate=\"1997\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_171605\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_171605\">Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1997<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Lofgren, Hans<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171605\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_171605\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171605\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt<\/h4>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1997<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lofgren, Hans<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/171605\">Lofgren, Hans. 1997. Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt. In Riad Daheland Ismail Siageldin, eds. Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol. 11B: 419-440<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171605\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Economic Policies; Equilibrium; Subsidies; Mathematical Models; Computable General Equilibrium Models<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/171605\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171605\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Lofgren, Hans;Northern Africa;Middle East;Africa;Water;Prices;Water Rights;Water Supply;Egypt;Book Chapter;1996;\" data-sorttitle=\"Thecostofmanagingwithless:cuttingwatersubsidiesandsuppliesinEgypt'sagriculture\" data-sortdate=\"1996\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_171606\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_171606\">The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1996<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Lofgren, Hans<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171606\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_171606\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171606\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Using a mathematical-programming agricultural-sector model of Egypt, this paper analyzes mechanisms for allocating scarce water and for charging the farmers the Operation and Management (O&M) costs of irrigation and drainage, currently covered by the government. The effects of cost recovery are negative but minor. A crop charge (based on crop water consumption per land unit) and a volumetric charge both discourage consumption. The former is easier to implement but does not stimulate water-saving technical change. A 15% cut in agricultural water supplies (permitting a 79% increase in non-agricultural use) raise farmer incomes and has moderate negative effects on consumer welfare and production; a 30% cut causes disproportionately larger negative effects, including large increases in the agricultural trade deficit. Efficient market-based allocations yield higher production and avoid unequal water access, associated with the inefficient alternative of forcing half the farmers to cut their use. However, water sales to farmers at prices reducing demand by 15-30% lead to 20-35% declines in farmer incomes. This suggests the need to explore reforms endowing the farmers with tradable water rights.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1996<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lofgren, Hans<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/171606\">Lofgren, Hans. 1996. The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture. In Karen Pfeifer, ed. Research in Middle East Economics. Volume 1. pp. 83-107.<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171606\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Water; Prices; Water Rights; Water Supply<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/171606\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171606\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Goldin, Ian;Kherallah, Mylene;Northern Africa;Western Asia;Eastern Africa;South America;Arab Countries;International Trade;Gatt;Algeria;Egypt;Jordan;Morocco;Saudi Arabia;Somalia;Sudan;Tunisia;Uruguay;Book Chapter;1996;\" data-sorttitle=\"TheUruguayRoundandinternationaltradeinagriculturalproducts:implicationsforArabcountries\" data-sortdate=\"1996\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-content\/plugins\/ifpri-resources\/build\/list\/display\/..\/..\/..\/images\/resource.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_171680\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_171680\">The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1996<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171680\">Details<\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_171680\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_171680\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">This chapter reviews the agricultural trade provisions of the Uruguay Round, assesses their likely consequences for international trade and their impact on agricultural prices with reference to the Arab countries. It includes country analyses for: Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, and Sudan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1996<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/171680\">Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene. 1996. The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries. In El- Naggar, Said, ed. The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries. Pp. 96-132<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171680\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Algeria; Egypt; Jordan; Morocco; Saudi Arabia; Somalia; Sudan; Tunisia; Uruguay<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Northern Africa; Western Asia; Eastern Africa; South America; Arab Countries; International Trade; Gatt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Limited Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/171680\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/171680\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"von Braun, Joachim;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Subsidies;Developing Countries;Food Aid;Agricultural Policies;Egypt;Book Chapter;1988;\" data-sorttitle=\"FoodsubsidiesinEgypts:Implicationsfortheagriculturalsector\" data-sortdate=\"1988\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/161\/10568_161102_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\">Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1988<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">von Braun, Joachim<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/5e8aa4df-b516-4f5c-9ad7-449644806fa3\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_161102\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_161102\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">Food subsidies affect various sectors of the Egyptian economy, but their influence on agriculture, which employs a considerable share of the nation's resources, seems particularly strong (von Braun and de Haen, 1983). A major objective of this research was to analyze the agricultural policymaking in the environment of a large and growing food subsidy system. Inefficiencies and misallocation of resources in agriculture arising from food subsidies are hidden costs of such systems. However, it is crucial to separate out from the whole bundle of policy goals and related instruments those that are directly or indirectly linked to food subsidies. The basis for this can be provided only by a complete quantitative assessment of a country's agricultural policy and its determinants.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1988<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>von Braun, Joachim<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/161102\">von Braun, Joachim. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 12. Pp. 183-195. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161102<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161102\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Subsidies; Developing Countries; Food Aid; Agricultural Policies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161102\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161102\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161102\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/5e8aa4df-b516-4f5c-9ad7-449644806fa3\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"resultsItem resourceItemRecord switchLayoutsSel list portrait \" data-allterms=\"Scobie, Grant McDonald;Middle East;Northern Africa;Africa;Subsidies;Developing Countries;Food Aid;Agricultural Policies;Egypt;Book Chapter;1988;\" data-sorttitle=\"FoodsubsidiesinEgypt:Macroeconomicandtradeimplications\" data-sortdate=\"1988\" data-sorttype=\"Book Chapt\">\n<div class=\"cardInner portrait 1\" ><picture><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"resourceThumb list\" src=\"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/files\/res_dspace\/161\/10568_161103_thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Resource thumbnail\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\"><\/picture>\n<div class=\"cardContent\">\n<p class=\"outputType\">Book Chapter<\/p>\n<div class=\"ifResourcesWrap list\">\n<h4 class=\"ifResourcesTitle ifb-title list\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\">Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dspaceSub year resultYear\">1988<\/span><span class=\"dspaceSub ifresAuthors\">Scobie, Grant McDonald<\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"resourceBtnSection\"><button class=\"dialogOutputsMore switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\">Details<\/button><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn detailsBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/3561782a-9930-4371-a19c-15c76f6dec36\/content\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\">Download<\/a><\/button><dialog id=\"dialog10568_161103\" class=\"dialogDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" open><\/p>\n<form method=\"dialog\">\n<div class=\"closeWrapDia\"><button class=\"closeDia list\" aria-label=\"close\" formnovalidate>X<\/button><\/div>\n<details class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel list\" >\n<summary class=\"outputDetails switchLayoutsSel ifResBtn list btnDetailsShown\" data-identifier =\"10568_161103\">Details<\/summary>\n<div class='ifResDetails'>\n<h4 class=\"titleDetails ifResourcesTitle\">Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ifResourcesAbstractA\">The principal theme of this chapter is the implications of the Egyptian food subsidies for such macroeconomic measures as nonfarm output, the government's budget, inflation, the exchange rate, and the balance of payments. There is, however, an important secondary theme\u2014namely, the extent to which the policies in the food sector are themselves molded by the macroeconomic setting. For example, it is hard to imagine that the level of Egypt's food subsidies is unrelated to the country's capacity to import. So while exploring the implications of the food subsidy scheme, these reverse linkages will also be examined.<\/p>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Year published<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1988<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p class=\"ifb-desc\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Scobie, Grant McDonald<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"citationDisplay uagb-ifb-desc \" data-identifier =\"10568\/161103\">Scobie, Grant McDonald. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 13. Pp. 196-205. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161103<span class=\"citationClipboard dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" title=\"Click to copy to citation clipboard\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161103\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Country\/Region <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Egypt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Keywords <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Subsidies; Developing Countries; Food Aid; Agricultural Policies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Language<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Access\/Licence<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Open Access<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"ifeb_res_source\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161103\" target=\"_blank\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161103\">Source record<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\">\n<p><strong>Record type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Book Chapter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dspaceDetails\"><button class=\"resourceDownloadBtn ifResBtn\" data-identifier =\"10568\/161103\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cgspace.cgiar.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/3561782a-9930-4371-a19c-15c76f6dec36\/content\" target=\"_blank\">Download<\/a><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<p><button class=\"dialogOutputsClose switchLayoutsSel list\" type=\"Submit\">Close<\/button><\/form>\n<p><\/dialog><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flexLastRow\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"flexLastRow\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"flexLastRow\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"flexLastRow\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"flexLastRow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"ifResCitPaging ifResCitPagingB\">\n<div class=\"ifres_list_citations_btn ifResBtn ifResBtn dashicons dashicons-plus-alt\" data-allcitations=\"Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; and Laborde Debucquet, David. 2023. The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 24, Pp. 125-128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_24.\n\nAbay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Salama, Yousra. 2023. Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 25, Pp. 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896294394_25.\n\nBreisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; and Wiebelt, Manfred. 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan Swinnen and John McDermott. Part Three: Labor restrictions and remittances, Chapter 12, Pp. 56-59. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_12.\n\nKurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; and Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2018. Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt\u2019s Takaful and Karama program. In Boosting growth to end hunger by 2025: The role of social protection, eds. Fleur Stephanie Wouterse and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse. Chapter 10, Pp. 135-153. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/145842\n\nAlderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; and Yemtsov, Ruslan, eds. 2017. The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers? Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/978-1-4648-1087-9\n\nEcker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2499\/9787511648204.\n\nFofana, Isma\u00ebl; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami and Bouazouni, Omar. 2016. Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. In Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa: The Role of Socio-demographics, Entrepreneurship and Public Policies, eds. Nadereh Chamlou and Massoud Karshenas. Part Four: Gender and Public Policies, Chapter 17, pp. 479 - 506. Imperial College Press: London, U.K. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9781783267347_0017\n\nBreisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Trinh Tan, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim and Abdelgadir, Mohamed. 2014. Food security policies for building resilience to conflict. In Resilience for food and nutrition security. Eds. Fan, Shenggen; Pandya-Lorch, Rajul and Yosef, Sivan. Chapter 5. Pp. 37-44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/149413\n\nMinot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2010. Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa. IFPRI Research Monograph. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2499\/9780896291744.\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali, ed. and Fan, Shenggen, ed. 2007. Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen. Major findings and lessons learned. Arab Planning Institute\n\nFan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed. Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis. Arab Planning Institute\n\nAli, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen. Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]. Arab Planning Institute\n\nMinot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2007. Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa. Washington, DC and Rome, Italy: International Food Policy Research Institute and International Fund for Agricultural Development. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/155454\n\nKherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter. 2003. Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt. In Lofgren, Hans, ed. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Research in Middle East Economics 5: 133-159.\n\nLofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F. 1998. Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020. In Raed Safadi, ed. Opening doors to the world: a new trade agenda for the Middle East. pp. 167-197 (Chapter 5).\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1997. Agriculture and rural development in Egypt. In Ismail Serageldin and David Steeds, (eds.) Rural well-being : from vision to action. Pp. 283-296. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Proceedings 15\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1997. Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt. In Riad Daheland Ismail Siageldin, eds. Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol. 11B: 419-440\n\nLofgren, Hans. 1996. The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture. In Karen Pfeifer, ed. Research in Middle East Economics. Volume 1. pp. 83-107.\n\nGoldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene. 1996. The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries. In El- Naggar, Said, ed. The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries. Pp. 96-132\n\nvon Braun, Joachim. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 12. Pp. 183-195. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161102\n\nScobie, Grant McDonald. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 13. Pp. 196-205. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. . https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/161103\n\n\"> <span title=\"Click to copy all citations in the above list to your clipboard\">Copy all 22 citations<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\/assets\/embed.js'><\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10220,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10221"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10241,"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10221\/revisions\/10241"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egyptssp.ifpri.info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}