IFPRI Egypt Country Office

Books and Book Chapters

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Book Chapter

The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt

2023Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David

Details

The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has imperiled global food security — creating suffering within Ukraine and displacing millions while disrupting agricultural production and trade from one of the world’s major exporting regions. The latter threatens to drive rising food prices still higher and create scarcity, especially for regions most dependent on exports from Russia and Ukraine — particularly the Middle East and North Africa. In this post, we consider the impacts of the war on the wheat market, focusing on Egypt. Wheat is a key food item for this country, representing between 35% and 39% of caloric intake per person in the past few years. Wheat imports usually account for about 62% of total wheat use in the country. We conclude by listing a number of key policy actions aimed at diversifying imports in the short term and helping Egypt’s agrifood system transformation become fairer and more resilient. The latter is an absolute necessity in the context of looming threats from climate change and water scarcity.

Year published

2023

Authors

Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina Alaaeldin; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David

Citation

Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; and Laborde Debucquet, David. 2023. The Russia-Ukraine crisis poses a serious food security threat for Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 24, Pp. 125-128. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_24.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Shock; Policies; War; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Agriculture; Markets; Trade; Coronavirinae; Russia; Food Security; Ukraine; Conflicts; Coronavirus Disease; Wheat; Prices; Resilience; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_24 Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt

2023Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra

Details

Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt

Because of its dependence on food imports, Egypt is particularly vulnerable to the high world food prices and trade shocks triggered by Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Imports account for more than 40% of Egypt’s calorie consumption, and the country is the world’s largest importer of wheat, with about 85% coming from Russia and Ukraine before the war began. Since then, supply disruptions, high global market prices, and other factors have led to sharp rises in domestic food inflation, which reached 31% in November. This in turn is a major driver of rising overall annual inflation, which soared from 6% to 19% between January and November 2022 — the highest rate in five years. In this post, based on a recent survey, we assess how Egypt’s poor households are responding to these economic stresses, and how the Egyptian government’s social protection efforts have affected consumption since the conflict began. In general, the survey indicates that many poor households cut back on consumption of some unsubsidized nutritious foods while consumption of subsidized foods remained unaffected, suggesting the national food subsidy program plays an important role.

Year published

2023

Authors

Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra

Citation

Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; and Salama, Yousra. 2023. Food price shocks and diets among poor households in Egypt. In The Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Global Food Security, eds. Joseph Glauber and David Laborde. Section Four: Country Impacts and Responses: Middle East and North Africa, Chapter 25, Pp. 129-134. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_25.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Low Income Groups; Shock; Policies; War; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Households; Agriculture; Markets; Trade; Coronavirinae; Russia; Food Security; Ukraine; Conflicts; Coronavirus Disease; Diet; Prices; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294394_25 Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt

2020Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred

Details

Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt

Using the SAM multiplier model for Egypt, we simulate the individual and combined effects of a collapse in the tourism sector and reductions in Suez Canal revenues and in foreign remittances under more and less pessimistic scenarios. SAM multiplier models are well-suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand- or supply-side economic shocks such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We model the demand shocks as the anticipated reductions in tourism, Suez Canal, and remittances revenues.

Year published

2020

Authors

Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; Wiebelt, Manfred

Citation

Breisinger, Clemens; Latif, Abla Abdel; Raouf, Mariam; and Wiebelt, Manfred. 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism and remittances: Insights from Egypt. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan Swinnen and John McDermott. Part Three: Labor restrictions and remittances, Chapter 12, Pp. 56-59. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_12.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Models; Economic Situation; Economic Impact; Covid-19; Tourism; Remittances; Economic Crises; Household Income; Food Security

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_12 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Book Chapter

Article has an altmetric score of 3

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Book Chapter

Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt’s Takaful and Karama program

2018Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Karachiwalla, Naureen

Details

Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt’s Takaful and Karama program

Chapter 10 uses Egypt as a case study to examine the effectiveness of proxy means test (PMT) targeting. Targeting effectiveness is defined in terms of the ability of the program to enroll beneficiaries from the lowest two quintiles of the expenditure distribution. The authors also consider the social costs of implementing PMT in a context where administrative capacity to explain the targeting mechanism to the public is imperfect.

Year published

2018

Authors

Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Karachiwalla, Naureen

Citation

Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; ElDidi, Hagar; El-Enbaby, Hoda; Gilligan, Daniel; and Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2018. Targeting social safety nets using proxy means tests: Evidence from Egypt’s Takaful and Karama program. In Boosting growth to end hunger by 2025: The role of social protection, eds. Fleur Stephanie Wouterse and Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse. Chapter 10, Pp. 135-153. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/145842

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; Middle East; Project Management; Economic Growth; Programmes; Social Protection; Social Policies; Hunger; Social Welfare; Rural Development; Food Security; Cash Transfers; Poverty; Resilience; Project Evaluation

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-ND-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896295988_10 Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

Article has an altmetric score of 12

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Book

The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers?

2017Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; Yemtsov, Ruslan

Details

The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers?

This book addresses the thorny and fascinating question of how food and voucher programs, despite theory and evidence generally favoring cash, remain relevant, have evolved, and, in most circumstances, have improved over time. In doing so, we take an evolutionary and pragmatic view; we are interested in understanding why food-based programs exist and how countries can benefit from transformations such as that of Chhattisgarh, not in determining whether those programs should exist.

Year published

2017

Authors

Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; Yemtsov, Ruslan

Citation

Alderman, Harold; Gentilini, Ugo; and Yemtsov, Ruslan, eds. 2017. The 1.5 billion people question: Food, vouchers, or cash transfers? Washington, DC: The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1087-9

Country/Region

Egypt; India; Indonesia; Mexico; Sri Lanka; United States

Keywords

Asia; Southern Asia; Africa; Northern Africa; Latin America; Northern America; Americas; Food Aid; Public Distribution System; Food Security; Nutrition; Cash Transfers

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-3.0-IGO

Links

https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1087-9 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Book

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Book

Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies

2016Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; El-Batrawy, Rawia

Details

Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies

This book’s main hypothesis is that Egypt’s large food subsidy system has been ineffective in reducing undernutrition; in fact, it may have contributed to sustaining and even aggravating both nutrition challenges. For a long time, the subsidy system provided only calorie-rich foods, at very low and constant prices and with quotas much above dietary recommendations. This system has created incentives to consume calorie-overladen and unbalanced diets, increasing the risks of child and maternal overnutrition and, at high subsidy levels, the risk of inadequate child nutrition. Moreover, the large public budget allocated to the food subsidies is unavailable for possibly more nutrition-beneficial spending, such as for child and maternal nutrition-specific interventions. The authors’ findings consistently suggest that—in addition to the well-known economic rationale for reforming the Egyptian food subsidy system—there are strong reasons to reform food subsidies due to nutrition and public health concerns. A fundamental food subsidy reform process has been under way since June 2014. The already-implemented changes can be expected to have reduced some incentives for overconsumption and may have positive dietary effects. However, further major reform efforts are needed to transform the current subsidy system into a key policy instrument in the fight against malnutrition. The findings of this book should be valuable to policy makers, analysts, development partners, and others concerned with improving food security and promoting healthy nutrition in Egypt and other developing countries with large social protection programs.

This book was translated in 2020 into Chinese.
Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2020. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies [in Chinese]. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). ISBN: 9787511648204

This record also includes the following synopsis, published in English and translated into Arabic:

Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies: Synopsis [in Arabic]. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292406

Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies: Synopsis. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292406

Year published

2016

Authors

Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; El-Batrawy, Rawia

Citation

Ecker, Olivier; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Breisinger, Clemens; and El-Batrawy, Rawia. 2016. Nutrition and economic development: Exploring Egypt's exceptionalism and the role of food subsidies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9787511648204.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Africa; Northern Africa; Middle East; Nutrition; Nutrition Policies; Economic Development; Malnutrition; Diabetes; Obesity; Food Policies; Subsidies; Poverty; Agricultural Policies; Agricultural Development; Resilience; Capacity Development

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292383 Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Book

Article has an altmetric score of 40

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Book Chapter

Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

2016Fofana, Ismaël; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami; Bouazouni, Omar

Details

Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

Year published

2016

Authors

Fofana, Ismaël; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami; Bouazouni, Omar

Citation

Fofana, Ismaël; Chatti, Rim; Corong, Erwin; Bibi, Sami and Bouazouni, Omar. 2016. Gender and employment impacts of taxation policy in Middle East and North Africa: Comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. In Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa: The Role of Socio-demographics, Entrepreneurship and Public Policies, eds. Nadereh Chamlou and Massoud Karshenas. Part Four: Gender and Public Policies, Chapter 17, pp. 479 - 506. Imperial College Press: London, U.K. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781783267347_0017

Country/Region

Egypt; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

Keywords

Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Gender; Taxes; Employment; Computable General Equilibrium Models

Language

English

Links

https://doi.org/10.1142/9781783267347_0017 Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Food security policies for building resilience to conflict

2014Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-François; Trinh Tan, Jean-François; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim; Abdelgadir, Mohamed

Details

Food security policies for building resilience to conflict

Year published

2014

Authors

Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-François; Trinh Tan, Jean-François; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim; Abdelgadir, Mohamed

Citation

Breisinger, Clemens; Ecker, Olivier; Maystadt, Jean-François; Trinh Tan, Jean-François; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; Bouzar, Khalida; Sma, Abdelkarim and Abdelgadir, Mohamed. 2014. Food security policies for building resilience to conflict. In Resilience for food and nutrition security. Eds. Fan, Shenggen; Pandya-Lorch, Rajul and Yosef, Sivan. Chapter 5. Pp. 37-44. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/149413

Country/Region

Egypt; Sudan; Somalia; Yemen

Keywords

Northern Africa; Eastern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Southwestern Asia; Asia; Western Asia; Economic Shock; Nutrition Security; Natural Resources; Environmental Factors; Shock; Economic Development; Malnutrition; Drought; Food Security; Conflicts; Food Prices; Poverty; Prices; Resilience; Governance; Climate Change

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Project

Policies, Institutions, and Markets

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book

Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa

2010Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David

Details

Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa

This report examines the impact of trade liberalization on non-oil-exporting countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), with particular emphasis on its impact on the poor. First the report describes the basic characteristics related to agriculture, trade, and poverty for eight MENA countries and reviews previous studies examining the impact of trade liberalization on these countries. The eight are the developing countries in the MENA region that are not major oil exporters: Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and the West Bank and Gaza.1 Second, the report uses household survey data and computable general equilibrium models to simulate the effect of trade liberalization on low-income households in four of these countries: Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Morocco.

Year published

2010

Authors

Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David

Citation

Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2010. Trade liberalization and poverty in the Middle East and North Africa. IFPRI Research Monograph. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896291744.

Country/Region

Egypt; Tunisia; Morocco

Keywords

Syria; Northern Africa; Africa; Middle East; Trade Liberalization; Poverty; Agriculture; Computable General Equilibrium Models

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896291744 Source record

Record type

Book

Article has an altmetric score of 3

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Book

Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region

2007Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen

Details

Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region

The percentage of the world’s poor living below $1 per day fell by nearly a half in the last two decades of the 20th century. However, reduction in global poverty has been uneven across and within regions of the developing world. While the dramatic progress made in East Asia -- especially China -- is well-known, poverty indicators elsewhere have proven more fixed. This asymmetrical development story also holds true for the Arab countries.

Year published

2007

Authors

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen

Citation

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali, ed. and Fan, Shenggen, ed. 2007. Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab Region. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.

Country/Region

Egypt; Morocco; Sudan; Tunisia; Yemen

Keywords

Northern Africa; Western Asia; Arab Countries; Public Investment; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book

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Book Chapter

Major findings and lessons learned

2007Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen

Details

Major findings and lessons learned

Year published

2007

Authors

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen

Citation

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Horowitz, Leah; Fan, Shenggen. Major findings and lessons learned. Arab Planning Institute

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis

2007Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed

Details

Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis

Year published

2007

Authors

Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed

Citation

Fan, Shenggen; Al-Riffai, Perrihan; El-Said, Moataz; Yu, Bingxin; Kamaly, Ahmed. Public spending, growth, and poverty reduction in Egypt: A multi-level analysis. Arab Planning Institute

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]

2007Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen

Details

Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]

Year published

2007

Authors

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen

Citation

Ali, Abdel Gadir Ali; Fan, Shenggen. Introduction [Public policy and poverty reduction in the Arab region]. Arab Planning Institute

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Poverty; Economic Growth; Public Policies; Poverty Reduction; Middle East; Social Indicators; Income Distribution; Millennium Development Goals; Analytical Techniques

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book

Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa

2007Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David

Details

Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa

In the past two decades, many countries in the Near East and North Africa region have reformed the agricultural sector by lowering agricultural tariffs, liberalizing domestic prices and reducing consumer food subsidies. However, trade restrictions and domestic price support mechanisms are still prevalent for a few strategic commodities (such as wheat), and there is wide divergence among the countries in terms of the extent and depth of liberalization. Under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership launched in 1995, ongoing and future bilateral free trade agreements between the European Union and several Arab Mediterranean countries could lead to further trade liberalization. In addition, some countries have recently signed free trade agreements with the United States of America, and more countries in the Near East and North Africa region are expected to sign bilateral trade agreements with the United States in the near future.

Year published

2007

Authors

Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; Orden, David

Citation

Minot, Nicholas; Chemingui, Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thomas, Marcelle; Dewina, Reno; and Orden, David. 2007. Impact of trade liberalization on agriculture in the near East and North Africa. Washington, DC and Rome, Italy: International Food Policy Research Institute and International Fund for Agricultural Development. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/155454

Country/Region

Egypt; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Jordan

Keywords

Türkiye; Syria; Eastern Africa; Northern Africa; Africa; Agriculture; Tariffs; Prices; Subsidies; Price Support; Trade Liberalization

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book

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Book Chapter

Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt

2003Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter

Details

Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt

Year published

2003

Authors

Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter

Citation

Kherallah, Mylene; Minot, Nicholas; Gruhn, Peter. 2003. Adjustment of wheat production to market reform in Egypt. In Lofgren, Hans, ed. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Research in Middle East Economics 5: 133-159.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Wheat; Drought

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020

1998Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F.

Details

Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020

A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to explore alternative scenarios for 1990-2020 in areas critical for Egypt's economy -- productivity growth, investment, foreign trade, and water. The model is formulated as a mixed-complementarity problem, has a detailed treatment of agriculture, assumes competitive markets and determines efficient water allocation. A "Turtle" scenario extrapolates Egypt's recent poor productivity and low investment, while a "Tiger" scenario assumes East Asian performance. For the Turtle scenario, incomes are stagnant and a crisis emerges in the labor market. With rapid growth in export demand, investment and productivity, the "Tiger" scenario generates almost tripled per-capita incomes and full employment. Sensitivity analysis for the Tiger scenario suggests that growth in export demand is important, while tariff removal with no other policy changes has little effect. Increasing water scarcity hurts agriculture and labor absorption, but has little effect on overall growth.

Year published

1998

Authors

Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F.

Citation

Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman; Nygaard, David F. 1998. Tiger or turtle? exploring alternative futures for Egypt to 2020. In Raed Safadi, ed. Opening doors to the world: a new trade agenda for the Middle East. pp. 167-197 (Chapter 5).

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Equilibrium; Agriculture; Economic Aspects; Water Supply; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Trade; Trade Liberalization; International Trade

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Agriculture and rural development in Egypt

1997Lofgren, Hans

Details

Agriculture and rural development in Egypt

Year published

1997

Authors

Lofgren, Hans

Citation

Lofgren, Hans. 1997. Agriculture and rural development in Egypt. In Ismail Serageldin and David Steeds, (eds.) Rural well-being : from vision to action. Pp. 283-296. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Proceedings 15

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Rural Conditions; Agriculture; Rural Development

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt

1997Lofgren, Hans

Details

Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt

Year published

1997

Authors

Lofgren, Hans

Citation

Lofgren, Hans. 1997. Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts: a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt. In Riad Daheland Ismail Siageldin, eds. Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol. 11B: 419-440

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Economic Policies; Equilibrium; Subsidies; Mathematical Models; Computable General Equilibrium Models

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture

1996Lofgren, Hans

Details

The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture

Using a mathematical-programming agricultural-sector model of Egypt, this paper analyzes mechanisms for allocating scarce water and for charging the farmers the Operation and Management (O&M) costs of irrigation and drainage, currently covered by the government. The effects of cost recovery are negative but minor. A crop charge (based on crop water consumption per land unit) and a volumetric charge both discourage consumption. The former is easier to implement but does not stimulate water-saving technical change. A 15% cut in agricultural water supplies (permitting a 79% increase in non-agricultural use) raise farmer incomes and has moderate negative effects on consumer welfare and production; a 30% cut causes disproportionately larger negative effects, including large increases in the agricultural trade deficit. Efficient market-based allocations yield higher production and avoid unequal water access, associated with the inefficient alternative of forcing half the farmers to cut their use. However, water sales to farmers at prices reducing demand by 15-30% lead to 20-35% declines in farmer incomes. This suggests the need to explore reforms endowing the farmers with tradable water rights.

Year published

1996

Authors

Lofgren, Hans

Citation

Lofgren, Hans. 1996. The cost of managing with less: cutting water subsidies and supplies in Egypt's agriculture. In Karen Pfeifer, ed. Research in Middle East Economics. Volume 1. pp. 83-107.

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Northern Africa; Middle East; Africa; Water; Prices; Water Rights; Water Supply

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries

1996Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene

Details

The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries

This chapter reviews the agricultural trade provisions of the Uruguay Round, assesses their likely consequences for international trade and their impact on agricultural prices with reference to the Arab countries. It includes country analyses for: Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, and Sudan.

Year published

1996

Authors

Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene

Citation

Goldin, Ian; Kherallah, Mylene. 1996. The Uruguay Round and international trade in agricultural products: implications for Arab countries. In El- Naggar, Said, ed. The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries. Pp. 96-132

Country/Region

Algeria; Egypt; Jordan; Morocco; Saudi Arabia; Somalia; Sudan; Tunisia; Uruguay

Keywords

Northern Africa; Western Asia; Eastern Africa; South America; Arab Countries; International Trade; Gatt

Language

English

Access/Licence

Limited Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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Book Chapter

Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector

1988von Braun, Joachim

Details

Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector

Food subsidies affect various sectors of the Egyptian economy, but their influence on agriculture, which employs a considerable share of the nation's resources, seems particularly strong (von Braun and de Haen, 1983). A major objective of this research was to analyze the agricultural policymaking in the environment of a large and growing food subsidy system. Inefficiencies and misallocation of resources in agriculture arising from food subsidies are hidden costs of such systems. However, it is crucial to separate out from the whole bundle of policy goals and related instruments those that are directly or indirectly linked to food subsidies. The basis for this can be provided only by a complete quantitative assessment of a country's agricultural policy and its determinants.

Year published

1988

Authors

von Braun, Joachim

Citation

von Braun, Joachim. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypts: Implications for the agricultural sector. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 12. Pp. 183-195. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161102

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Subsidies; Developing Countries; Food Aid; Agricultural Policies

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

Resource thumbnail

Book Chapter

Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications

1988Scobie, Grant McDonald

Details

Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications

The principal theme of this chapter is the implications of the Egyptian food subsidies for such macroeconomic measures as nonfarm output, the government's budget, inflation, the exchange rate, and the balance of payments. There is, however, an important secondary theme—namely, the extent to which the policies in the food sector are themselves molded by the macroeconomic setting. For example, it is hard to imagine that the level of Egypt's food subsidies is unrelated to the country's capacity to import. So while exploring the implications of the food subsidy scheme, these reverse linkages will also be examined.

Year published

1988

Authors

Scobie, Grant McDonald

Citation

Scobie, Grant McDonald. 1988. Food subsidies in Egypt: Macroeconomic and trade implications. In Food subsidies in developing countries: costs, benefits, and policy options. Pinstrup-Andersen, Per (Ed.) Chapter 13. Pp. 196-205. Baltimore, MD: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) by Johns Hopkins University Press. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/161103

Country/Region

Egypt

Keywords

Middle East; Northern Africa; Africa; Subsidies; Developing Countries; Food Aid; Agricultural Policies

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open Access

Source

Source record

Record type

Book Chapter

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